Wisconsin > Outagamie County > Landmark #193661

Kaukauna Locks Historic District

Roughly, along the Fox R. running E past Canal St., Kaukauna, Wisconsin

Series of 5 locks that provide over fifty feet of lift on the Fox River

Photos 

Lock #1 Under Reconstruction

Lock #1 was opened for navigation in 1856. It was rebuilt in 1880, 1920 and is closed (as of this writing) for rebuilding. The project began in 2014 and is scheduled to be completed in 2015.

Photo taken by J.R. Manning in April 2015

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Description 

The Lower Fox drops 180 feet between the head of the river in Lake Winnebago and the mouth at Green Bay. The rapids is what attracted millers and paper makers to the Fox River Valley. Eventually, the Lower Fox River was dammed to take advantage of the potential energy.

After the Portage Canal was opened to connect the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, it was possible to go from the Green Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. That navigation was made possible on the Lower Fox with the building of 17 lift locks and 2 guard locks between Menasha and De Pere. Lift locks physically carry watercraft between levels and guard locks (located in Combined Locks and Kaukauna) close the flow of water into the navigation channels when repairs are required.

The canal at Portage, between the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, closed in 1951. The locks in the Upper Fox then fell into disuse. In the 1970s, the locks on the Lower Fox were falling into disuse and disrepair. The locks were closed in 1983 and in 1988, the lock at Rapide Croche was sealed to prevent Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) from entering the Lake Winnebago ecosystem.

Ownership and operation of the locks on the Lower Fox were transferred from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to the State of Wisconsin in 2004, although the COE continues to operate the dams.

Under the guidance of the Fox River Navigational System Authority, the locks on the Lower Fox are being restored and returned to operational status. Some are in use now, and eventually, recreational mariners should be able to navigate the Fox River from Rapide Croche to Lake Winnebago by 2017.

As of this writing (May 2015) the five locks in Kaukauna are closed for rebuilding. Lock #1 and Lock #5 are under construction and scheduled for completion by 2017.

Update: The Kaukauna Locks were symbolically flooded on August 25, 2015 although the entire system is still not fully navigational.

National Register information 

Status
Posted to the National Register of Historic Places on December 7, 1993
Reference number
93001327
Areas of significance
Engineering; Transportation
Level of significance
State
Evaluation criteria
C - Design/Construction; A - Event
Property type
District
Historic functions
Single dwelling; Water-related
Current function
Water-related
Periods of significance
1925-1949; 1900-1924; 1875-1899; 1850-1874
Significant years
1878; 1903; 1932
Number of properties
Contributing buildings: 8
Contributing structures: 9
Non-contributing buildings: 2
Non-contributing structures: 1

Tags 

19th Century (37,542)
Army Corps of Engineers (118)
Built 1878 (324)
Built during 1870s (4,981)
District (10,360)
Fox River Navigation System Authority (9)
Kaukauna, Wisconsin (17)
 Lock (45)
Outagamie County, Wisconsin (49)
Owned by federal government (3,221)
Stone (26,161)
Waterway Resources of the Lower Fox River MPS (11)
Wisconsin (2,585)

Update Log 

  • June 19, 2017: New photos from J.R. Manning
  • September 4, 2015: Updated by J.R. Manning: Locks were flooded on August 25, 2015
  • May 8, 2015: Updated by J.R. Manning: Edited Content and Added Photos
  • May 4, 2015: Updated by J.R. Manning: Updated Status, Added Description and Added Photos

Sources 

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